PK;q!Cottyn, J. De Clercq, D. Pannier, J. L. Crombez, G. Lenoir, M.2006RThe measurement of competitive anxiety during balance beam performance in gymnasts157-64 J Sports Sci242Adolescent *Anxiety Belgium Child Female Gymnastics/*psychology Heart Rate Humans Monitoring, Physiologic Retrospective Studies Self DisclosureFebThe purpose of the present study was to investigate competitive anxiety during balance beam performance in gymnasts. Competitive anxiety was assessed continuously by heart rate monitoring and by retrospective self-report of nervousness in eight female national level gymnasts during their balance beam routine during one competition and two training sessions. A significant negative correlation was found between the score of the retrospective self-report of nervousness and performance during the routine. There were no significant differences in performance score by the judges between the three test sessions. There were also no differences in the retrospective self-report of nervousness. However, heart rate was significantly higher during the competition session than during the training sessions. The potential value of the retrospective report of nervousness for the study of critical events during gymnastic performance is illustrated. The results are discussed in the light of catastrophe theory.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16368625 !0264-0414 (Print) Journal Article16368625Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium. jorge.cottyn@ugent.be <7uCupisti, A. D'Alessandro, C. Evangelisti, I. Umbri, C. Rossi, M. Galetta, F. Panicucci, E. Lopes Pegna, S. Piazza, M.2007eInjury survey in competitive sub-elite rhythmic gymnasts: results from a prospective controlled study203-7J Sports Med Phys Fitness472Adolescent Adult Anthropometry Athletic Injuries/*epidemiology Chi-Square Distribution Female Gymnastics/*injuries Humans Injury Severity Score Italy/epidemiology Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk FactorsJunAIM: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, anatomical site and types of injury incurred in rhythmic gymnastics. METHODS: An 8-month prospective and controlled injury survey was planned, including 70 club-level competitive rhythmic gymnasts, aged 13-19 years. Information on injury events was recorded weekly in an injury record booklet for any event occurring over that week. Height, weight, anthropometric measurements and time spent in physical activity were recorded at baseline. Data from 72 age-matched non-athletic females served as controls. RESULTS: Forty-nine significant injuries were reported by gymnasts and 34 by controls (70% vs 47%, P<0.005, odds ratio 2.28); gymnasts sustained a rate of 1.08 injuries per 1 000 h of training. The most prevalent anatomical sites sustaining injury were the ankle and the foot (38.9%), followed by back (22.2%). Strains and sprains were frequently reported both in gymnasts and in controls. Gymnasts missed an average of 4.1 days of physical activity as compared to 18.9 days for the control females. Alternatively, modification of training sessions occurred more frequently for the gymnast group (32 vs 7 cases for controls). The total school days missed were lower for the injured gymnasts than for the injured controls (27 vs 64 days). CONCLUSION: Competitive, club-level rhythmic gymnastics show a higher prevalence of injuries than non-athletic controls, but considering the high number of hours spent in training sessions, it derives that rhythmic gymnasts is a sport discipline at relatively low risk of severe injuries. These are mainly limited to back and lower limbs, are generally not severe and do not significantly hinder the preparation for the competitions.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17557059 Journal Article Italy0022-4707 (Print)3The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness17557059[Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. acupisti@int.med.unipi.iteng<7hD'Alessandro, C. Morelli, E. Evangelisti, I. Galetta, F. Franzoni, F. Lazzeri, D. Piazza, M. Cupisti, A.2007PProfiling the diet and body composition of subelite adolescent rhythmic gymnasts215-27Pediatr Exerc Sci192Adolescent Adult *Body Composition Body Mass Index Case-Control Studies *Diet Diet Records Dietary Carbohydrates/analysis Dietary Fats/analysis Dietary Proteins/analysis Exercise/*physiology Female Fever Gymnastics/*physiology Humans *Monitoring, Ambulatory Nutritional StatusMayOThe aim of this study was to investigate the body composition and dietary intake of competitive club-level rhythmic gymnasts, who represent the larger cohort of the sport's practitioners. Fifty-five rhythmic gymnasts and 55 nonathlete females (13-19 years of age) were seen individually to collect a dietary recall and to take anthropometric data and bioelectric-impedance analysis. Gymnasts had lower body-mass index and lesser skinfold thickness, although middle arm-muscle circumference was similar in the 2 groups. Gymnasts had lower body-fat measures but normal levels of fat-free mass (FFM) and body-cellular mass. Gymnasts had better dietary habits than the age-matched controls. Low levels of calcium, phosphorous, iron, and zinc and a disparity between reported energy intake and estimated energy requirement were observed in both groups.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17603144 Journal Article United States0899-8493 (Print)Pediatric exercise science17603144SDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa Via Roma, 67-56126 Pisa, Italy.eng ||7 TDurall, C. J. Udermann, B. E. Johansen, D. R. Gibson, B. Reineke, D. M. Reuteman, P.2009gThe effects of preseason trunk muscle training on low-back pain occurrence in women collegiate gymnasts86-92J Strength Cond Res231 2008/12/06Anthropometry Athletic Injuries/prevention & control Athletic Performance Case-Control Studies Female Gymnastics/injuries/*physiology Humans Incidence Low Back Pain/epidemiology/*prevention & control Multivariate Analysis Muscle Strength/*physiology Pectoralis Muscles/*physiology Physical Education and Training/*methods Physical Endurance/physiology Probability Reference Values Sensitivity and Specificity Time Factors Universities Young AdultJanLow-back pain (LBP) in women gymnasts is relatively common. This investigation was performed to evaluate the effects of a preseason training program for the trunk extensor, lateral flexor, and flexor muscles on LBP occurrence during the subsequent competitive season. The training group consisted of 15 collegiate women gymnasts. The control group consisted of 15 nonathlete collegiate women. Pre- and posttesting for all participants consisted of static endurance tests for the trunk extensors, lateral flexors, and flexors. After pretesting, the training group completed 10 weeks of biweekly training consisting of non-foot-supported back extensions and side bridges, in addition to their usual trunk flexor exercises. The control group did not perform any specialized trunk muscle training. Mean improvements in trunk endurance, based on multivariate analysis of variance at the 5% level of significance, were significantly greater in the training group than in the control group. Mean improvements in endurance in the training group were 47 seconds for the lateral trunk flexors, 34 seconds for the trunk extensors, and 80 seconds for the trunk flexors. During the subsequent gymnastics season, none of the gymnasts reported new episodes of LBP. One gymnast with chronic LBP reported a recurrence of LBP during the season. None of the gymnasts reported that the training program adversely affected their gymnastic performance. These data suggest that training the trunk musculature twice per week during a 10-week period with a relatively simple floor exercise protocol was an effective stimulus to improve trunk endurance measures. It is encouraging that none of the gymnasts reported new episodes of LBP during the subsequent competitive gymnastics season.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19057402Durall, Christopher J Udermann, Brian E Johansen, Dana R Gibson, Barbara Reineke, David M Reuteman, Paul United States Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Jan;23(1):86-92.*1533-4287 (Electronic) 1533-4287 (Linking)19057402Department of Physical Therapy, Student Health Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA. durall.chri@uwlax.edu10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818b93acengFt7 $Dwek, J. R. Cardoso, F. Chung, C. B.2009MR imaging of overuse injuries in the skeletally immature gymnast: spectrum of soft-tissue and osseous lesions in the hand and wristPediatr Radiol 2009/10/23Oct 22tBACKGROUND: In the pediatric gymnast, stress-related physeal injuries have been well described with characteristic imaging findings. However, a spectrum of overuse injuries, some rarely reported in the literature, can be encountered in the gymnast's hand and wrist. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the MR appearance of a spectrum of overuse injuries in the skeletally immature wrist and hand of pediatric gymnasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 125 MR exams of the hand and wrist in skeletally immature children were performed at our institution during a 2-year period. Clinical histories were reviewed for gymnastics participation. MR studies of that subpopulation were reviewed and abnormalities tabulated. RESULTS: Of the MR studies reviewed, ten gymnasts were identified, all girls age 12-16 years (mean age 14.2 years) who presented with wrist or hand pain. Three of these children had bilateral MR exams. Abnormalities included chronic physeal injuries in three children. Two girls exhibited focal lunate osteochondral defects. Triangular fibrocartilage tears were present in three girls, one of whom had a scapholunate ligament tear. Two girls manifested metacarpal head flattening and necrosis. CONCLUSION: A variety of soft-tissue and osseous lesions can be encountered in the skeletally immature gymnast. Familiarity with these stress-related injuries is important for accurate diagnosis.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19847413@Journal article Pediatric radiology Pediatr Radiol. 2009 Oct 22.*1432-1998 (Electronic) 1432-1998 (Linking)277614819847413Rady Children's Hospital and Health Center, Department of Radiology, 3020 Children's Way, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA, jdwek@yahoo.com.10.1007/s00247-009-1428-xEng {~? -Eils, E. Imberge, S. Volker, K. Rosenbaum, D.2007dPassive stability characteristics of ankle braces and tape in simulated barefoot and shoe conditions282-7Am J Sports Med352Adult Ankle Joint/*physiology *Braces Equipment Design Female Humans Male Pronation/physiology Range of Motion, Articular/*physiology *Shoes Supination/physiology *Surgical TapeFebBACKGROUND: Ankle sprains are among the most common injuries in barefoot sport activities such as dance, gymnastics, or trampoline. At present, the use of external ankle devices for prevention of ligament injuries for barefoot activities remains unclear. HYPOTHESIS: External ankle devices have a significant loss of passive stability when used without a shoe in barefoot activities. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy subjects participated in the project (mean age, 26.2 +/- 3.3 years; mean body mass, 71.2 +/- 10.3 kg; mean height, 178 +/- 7 cm). Passive range of motion measurements were performed with 3 different ankle stabilizers (a stirrup brace, a lace-up brace, and tape), as well as 2 different shoe conditions (cutout shoe [simulated barefoot] and normal shoe). RESULTS: In the simulated barefoot condition, a significantly reduced stabilizing effect for inversion and eversion (19% and 29%, respectively) was found for the stirrup ankle brace. Small decreases were noted with the soft brace and tape, but these were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The passive stability characteristics of ankle braces depend to a great extent on being used in combination with a shoe. This is especially true for semirigid braces with stirrup design. Therefore, it is recommended that soft braces (like the one tested in the present investigation) be used in barefoot sports for restricting passive range of motion of the foot and ankle complex. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study provides useful information for clinicians to select or recommend an external ankle stabilizing device in barefoot sports to restrict passive range of motion of the foot-ankle complex most effectively.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17092922 !0363-5465 (Print) Journal Article17092922Funktionsbereich Bewegungsanalytik (Movement Analysis Lab), Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital Munster, 48129 Munster, Germany. eils@uni-muenster.de ||7 NGuidetti, L. Di Cagno, A. Gallotta, M. C. Battaglia, C. Piazza, M. Baldari, C.2009@Precompetition warm-up in elite and subelite rhythmic gymnastics1877-82J Strength Cond Res236 2009/08/14Adult Athletic Performance/physiology Exercise/physiology Female Gymnastics/*physiology Humans Middle Aged Muscle Stretching Exercises/methodsSepThe aim of this study was to investigate which precompetition warm-up methodologies resulted in the best overall performance in rhythmic gymnastics. The coaches of national and international clubs (60 elite and 90 subelite) were interviewed. The relationship between sport performance and precompetition warm-up routines was examined. A total of 49% of the coaches interviewed spent more than 1 hour to prepare their athletes for the competition, including 45 minutes dedicated to warm-up exercises. In spite of previous studies' suggestions, the time between the end of warm-up and the beginning of competition was more than 5 minutes for 68% of those interviewed. A slow run was the activity of choice used to begin the warm-up (96%). Significant differences between elite and subelite gymnasts were found concerning the total duration of warm-up, duration of slow running, utilization of rhythmic steps and leaps during the warm-up, the use of dynamic flexibility exercises, competition performances repetition (p < 0.01), and utilization of imagery (p < 0.05). A precompetition warm-up in rhythmic gymnastics would include static stretching exercises at least 60 minutes prior to the competition starting time and the active stretching exercises alternated with analytic muscle strengthening aimed at increasing muscle temperature. Rhythmic gymnastics coaches at all levels can use this data as a review of precompetition warm-up practices and a possible source of new ideas.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19675469Guidetti, Laura Di Cagno, Alessandra Gallotta, Maria Chiara Battaglia, Claudia Piazza, Marina Baldari, Carlo United States Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Sep;23(6):1877-82.*1533-4287 (Electronic) 1533-4287 (Linking)19675469yUnit of Physical Exercise Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement, Rome, Italy.10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3e04eeng}~? IHame, S. L. LaFemina, J. M. McAllister, D. R. Schaadt, G. W. Dorey, F. J.2004#Fractures in the collegiate athlete446-51Am J Sports Med322Adult Athletic Injuries/*epidemiology/etiology Basketball/injuries Epidemiologic Studies Female Fractures/*epidemiology/etiology Gymnastics/injuries Humans Incidence Male Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Sex Factors UniversitiesMarPURPOSE: To determine the demographics and incidence of fractures in collegiate athletes. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. METHODS: Division I collegiate athletes who sustained a fracture while enrolled at the university from 1986 to 2000 were identified through training room records. Type and location of fracture, sport, gender, age, position, height, and weight were recorded and analyzed. Team information was obtained from athletic department records and was used to calculate incidence. RESULTS: Between 1986 and 2000, 5900 Division I athletes at our institution sustained 349 primary fractures (5.9%). By gender, the incidence did not differ significantly between males and females (P =.236), except in water polo where the men sustained significantly more fractures. By type, females sustained significantly more stress fractures (P =.001) than males. Overall, by location, the hand contributed the greatest number of total fractures. By sport, the incidence rate was highest in basketball (0.081) for male athletes and in gymnastics (0.069) for female athletes. The incidence of a second fracture during the study period was twice the rate of the first fracture. CONCLUSIONS: As expected, athletes participating in contact sports contributed the greatest number of fractures. Participation in basketball for men and in gymnastics for women posed the greatest risk. Female athletes sustained significantly more stress fractures.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14977672 0363-5465 Journal Article14977672Sports Medicine Section, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, USA. shame@mednet.ucla.edu8||7Hecht, S. S. Burton, M. S.2009+Medical coverage of gymnastics competitions113-8Curr Sports Med Rep83 2009/05/14Athletic Injuries/diagnosis/*therapy Critical Care/*methods/*organization & administration Gymnastics/*injuries *Physician's Role Sports Medicine/*methods/*organization & administration United StatesMay-JunMedical coverage of gymnastics competitions can be a challenging task for the sports medicine physician and other medical personnel because of the complexity and aerial nature of the sport. A broad understanding of the six gymnastics disciplines, along with the type of competitions, injury epidemiology, and the common acute gymnastics injuries will help sports medicine professionals in planning and delivering optimal care to the injured or ill gymnast.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19436165~Hecht, Suzanne S Burton, Monique S United States Current sports medicine reports Curr Sports Med Rep. 2009 May-Jun;8(3):113-8.*1537-8918 (Electronic) 1537-8918 (Linking)19436165University of Minnesota, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Division of Sports Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA. shecht@umphysicians.umn.edu;10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181a61993 00149619-200905000-00006 [pii]eng~~?3Herzberg, G. Mercier, S. Charbonnier, J. P. Got, P.2006:Kienbock's disease in a 14-year-old gymnast: a case report264-8J Hand Surg [Am]312Adolescent Female Gymnastics/*physiology Hand Strength/physiology Humans Immobilization Magnetic Resonance Imaging Osteonecrosis/*diagnosis/*physiopathology/rehabilitation Pain/physiopathology/rehabilitation Splints Tomography, X-Ray ComputedFebKienbock's disease is rare in children and there are few reports and therapeutic recommendations in the literature about this condition. We report a case of a 14-year-old female gymnast for whom nonsurgical treatment was followed by complete healing within 12 months. Repeated computed tomography scans provided a sequential coronal, sagittal, and transverse illustration of the progressive healing of the lunate.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16473689 .0363-5023 (Print) Case Reports Journal Article16473689Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Unit and Radiology Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France. guillaume.herzberg@chu-lyon.fr%||78Iosifidis, M. I. Giannoulis, I. Tsarouhas, A. Traios, S.2008=Isolated acute dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint605 Orthopedics316 2009/03/19Adult Arthroplasty/*instrumentation/*methods *Bone Wires Fibula/*surgery Humans Knee Dislocation/*surgery Male Soccer/*injuries Tibia/*surgery Treatment OutcomeJun)Lesions of knee's lateral side are less common than medial injuries. The anatomy of the lateral ligaments and the presence of additional structures (eg, fibula head) can cause diagnostic problems. Isolated dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint is unusual; therefore, it may be overlooked in the emergency department. Many cases are missed due to failure of diagnosis. This type of injury is common in athletes whose sports require twisting motions of the flexed knee (eg, wrestling, parachute jumping, judo, gymnastics, skiing, rugby, football, soccer, track, baseball, basketball, racquetball, and roller-skating). Anterolateral dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint is seemingly rare in soccer players, as less than a handful cases have been reported in the literature. The diagnosis can be made by clinical examination, plain knee radiographs, and, sometimes, computed tomography (CT) scanning for further confirmation. Treatment usually consists of closed or open reduction. In complicated cases, however, arthrodesis or resection of the fibular head may be required. This article reports a rare case of acute isolated anterolateral dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint in a soccer player and discusses the joint anatomy, types of dislocations, mechanisms of injury, and treatment options.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19292340Iosifidis, Michael I Giannoulis, Ioannis Tsarouhas, Alexandros Traios, Stavros Case Reports United States Orthopedics Orthopedics. 2008 Jun;31(6):605.%0147-7447 (Print) 0147-7447 (Linking)19292340BOrthopaedic Department, Naoussa General Hospital, Naoussa, Greece.orthopedics.28249 [pii]engVF|72Issever, A. S. Minden, K. Eshed, I. Hermann, K. G.2007KAccessory navicular bone: when ankle pain does not originate from the ankleClin RheumatolMay 8A young girl suffering from ankle pain occurring after gymnastics classes was referred to the rheumatology department by an orthopedic surgeon because a rheumatological condition was suspected to cause her symptoms. MRI was useful in pointing to the correct diagnosis of accessory navicular bone (AN). The morphological classification of ANs is discussed and the imaging modalities for diagnosis are presented.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17486293 Journal article0770-3198 (Print)17486293hDepartment of Radiology, Charite Medical School, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany, kgh@charite.de.Eng||77Jung, S. T. Cho, S. B. Kim, M. S. Lee, J. J. Lee, J. H.2008BCalcaneal apophyseal fractures in young athletes: two case reports11-4J Pediatr Orthop B171 2007/11/29Absorbable Implants Adolescent Calcaneus/*injuries/radiography/surgery Child Female Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation/methods Fractures, Bone/*pathology/surgery Gymnastics/*injuries Humans Male Suture Techniques SuturesJanCalcaneal apophyseal fracture is especially rare in young children. Furthermore, this type of fracture is sometimes overlooked in children because of subtle radiographic findings. The studies reported on this fracture are rare. We report two calcaneal apophyseal fractures that were present in the proximal half of calcaneal apophysis and were treated with fixation of the avulsed bony fragment using nonabsorbable suture.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18043371Jung, Sung-Taek Cho, Seong-Beom Kim, Myung-Sun Lee, Jae-Joon Lee, Jin-Ho United States Journal of pediatric orthopaedics. Part B / European Paediatric Orthopaedic Society, Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America J Pediatr Orthop B. 2008 Jan;17(1):11-4.*1473-5865 (Electronic) 1473-5865 (Linking)18043371qDepartment of Orthopedics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. stjung@chonnam.ac.kr;10.1097/BPB.0b013e3282efce10 01202412-200801000-00003 [pii]eng Z|t7Kahanov, L. Daly, T.2009ABilateral pulmonary emboli in a collegiate gymnast: a case report666-71 J Athl Train446 2009/11/17Nov-DecOBJECTIVE: To characterize the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in collegiate student-athletes and to raise awareness among sports medicine providers of the possibility of this potentially fatal disease in the student-athlete population. BACKGROUND: An 18-year-old, previously healthy National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female gymnast complained of intense pain, bilaterally, deep in her chest. The athlete was referred to her team physician, who identified normal vital signs but referred her to the emergency room because of significant pain. The student-athlete was diagnosed with bilateral pulmonary emboli in the emergency room. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Pneumonia, renal calculi, upper urinary tract infection, intercostal muscle strain or rib fracture, pancreatitis, gall bladder disease, gastritis, ulceration, esophagitis, infection, tumor, pulmonary embolism. TREATMENT: The student-athlete was immediately placed on anticoagulants for 6 months. During that time, she was unable to participate in gymnastics and was limited to light conditioning. UNIQUENESS: Documented cases of female student-athletes developing a pulmonary embolism are lacking in the literature. Two cases of pulmonary embolism in male high school student-athletes have been documented, in addition to many cases in elderly and sedentary populations. CONCLUSIONS: All health care providers, including sports medicine professionals, should be aware that this condition may be present among student-athletes. During the initial evaluation, prescreening should include questions about any previous or family history of pulmonary embolism or other blood clots. Athletes who answer positively to these questions may have a higher likelihood of pulmonary embolism and should be referred for testing.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19911095oKahanov, Leamor Daly, Tarah United States Journal of athletic training J Athl Train. 2009 Nov-Dec;44(6):666-71.*1938-162X (Electronic) 1938-162X (Linking)277537019911095uIndiana State University, Athletic Training Department, C-06, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA. leamor.kahanov@indstate.edu10.4085/1062-6050-44.6.666eng a|t7 Kang, C. Hwang, D. S. Cha, S. M.20096Acetabular labral tears in patients with sports injury230-5Clin Orthop Surg14 2009/12/04Dec BACKGROUND: We wanted to investigate acetabular labral tears and their correlation with femoroacetabular impingement in patients with sports injury. METHODS: Among 111 patients who were diagnosed with the acetabular labral tears after arthroscopic treatment from January 2004 to December 2007, we selected 41 patients with sports injury. There were 12 cases of Taekwondo injury, 5 of golf injury, 4 of soccer injury, 3 of gymnastics injury, 2 of Hapkido injury, 2 of aerobics injury, 2 of rock-climbing injury, 2 of fitness training injury and 9 of other sports injuries. We checked the subtypes of acetabular labral tears and the accompanying femoroacetabular impingement. For the cases with accompanying femoroacetabular impingement, we investigated the subtypes according to the types of sports, gender and age. At last follow-up, we checked the Harris Hip Score (HHS), the Hip Outcome Score (HOS) sports scale and the percentage of patients who returned to their sports activity. RESULTS: The average age of symptomatic onset was 26 years (range, 12 to 65 years). The ratio of males to females was 29 : 12. An average duration of the hip pain was 17 months (range, 1 to 60 months). The degenerative type of acetabular labral tears was the most prevalent with 32 cases (78%), and there were 9 cases (22%) of the partial tear type. Thirty cases (73%) were accompanied by femoroacetabular impingement. The average age of the 23 cases (56%) of the cam-type was 23 years (range, 12 to 48 years), and it was more likely to occur in men (87%) and for people practicing martial arts such as Taekwondo or Hapkido. An average age of the 5 cases (12%) of the pincer-type was 26 (range, 16 to 43 years), it usually occurred in women (60%) and for non-martial arts such as golf and gymnastics. There were 2 cases of the mixed type (cam + pincer-type). At 27 months follow-up, the HHS was 61 to 92 points, the HOS sports scale increased 43 to 75%, and the rate of returning to sports was 71%. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the early expression of symptoms and the short duration of the acetabular labral tears, the high rate of degenerative acetabular labral tears in sports patients is likely associated with repetitive injury after the expression of symptoms. Femoroacetabular impingement in sports patients is seemed to be a cause of the early occurrence of acetabular labral tears. Because the possibility of acetabular labral tears is high in femoroacetabular impingement, sports patients may need to undergo early screening for the diagnosis and care of femoroacetabular impingement.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19956481Kang, Chan Hwang, Deuk-Soo Cha, Soo-Min Korea (South) Clinics in orthopedic surgery Clin Orthop Surg. 2009 Dec;1(4):230-5. Epub 2009 Nov 25.2005-4408 (Electronic)278496419956481bDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.10.4055/cios.2009.1.4.230eng ~?Klentrou, P. Plyley, M.2003lOnset of puberty, menstrual frequency, and body fat in elite rhythmic gymnasts compared with normal controls490-4Br J Sports Med376 Adolescent Age Factors Amenorrhea/physiopathology Body Composition/*physiology Body Mass Index Canada Case-Control Studies Comparative Study Female Greece Gymnastics/*physiology Humans *Menarche Menstruation Disturbances/*physiopathology Oligomenorrhea/physiopathologyDecOBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of delayed menarche and abnormal menstrual patterns, as well as the association of menstrual status with physical training in elite rhythmic gymnasts from Greece and Canada. METHODS: Fifteen Greek (mean (SEM) age 14.5 (0.2) years) and 30 Canadian (mean (SEM) age 14.7 (0.4) years) rhythmic gymnasts were surveyed for age at menarche, menstrual frequency, and training profile, and measured for height, weight, and percentage body fat (%BF). Seventy eight healthy adolescents served as country specific non-active controls: 38 Greek non-athletes (mean (SEM) age 14.5 (0.1) years) and 40 Canadian non-athletes (mean (SEM) 14.2 (0.1) years). RESULTS: Of the Greek gymnasts, 79% had not yet menstruated compared with 34% of the Canadian gymnasts. Menarche was significantly (p<0.01) delayed in the rhythmic gymnasts (composite mean 13.8 (0.3) years, n = 45) compared with the controls (composite mean 12.5 (0.1) years, n = 78). There was no significant difference between Greek and Canadian gymnasts for the age at menarche (14.2 (0.3) v 13.6 (1.2) years respectively). Menstrual irregularities were reported in 78% (61% oligomenorrhoeic and 17% amenorrhoeic) of the menarcheal athletes. Menarcheal gymnasts were found to be significantly (p<0.05) taller and heavier, with a higher %BF and a lower training frequency and training duration (p<0.05) than the premenarcheal gymnasts. Overall, the mean %BF of the gymnasts was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the control subjects. The Canadian controls exhibited a significantly (p<0.05) greater %BF than the Greek controls of the same age. CONCLUSION: Delayed menarche, menstrual irregularities, and low body fat are common in elite rhythmic gymnasts. Premenarcheal gymnasts train more often and for longer, and have a lower body mass index and less body fat, than menarcheal gymnasts. Prospective studies are needed to explore further these and other factors associated with delayed menarche and menstrual irregularities in female athletes.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14665585 0306-3674 Journal Article14665585mFaculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St-Catharines, Ontario, Canada. nota.klentrou@brocku.ca ||7EKlinkowski, N. Korte, A. Pfeiffer, E. Lehmkuhl, U. Salbach-Andrae, H.2008HPsychopathology in elite rhythmic gymnasts and anorexia nervosa patients108-13Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry172 2007/09/12Adolescent Amenorrhea/epidemiology Anorexia Nervosa/*epidemiology/*psychology Anthropometry Body Mass Index Child *Depressive Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology Female Gymnastics/*statistics & numerical data Humans *Periodicity Questionnaires *Social ClassMar*This study investigates current psychopathology and psychological distress in elite rhythmic gymnasts. Due to a strong emphasis on leanness in aesthetic sports and the controversial findings in literature regarding the role of anorexia nervosa (AN) in such sports, we compared elite rhythmic gymnasts (n=51) to inpatients with AN (n=55) as a disease control group and to high school students (n=53) as a "normal" control group. We assessed psychopathology using the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R). Moreover, body height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and the presence of amenorrhea were assessed. Regarding physical aspects, the rhythmic gymnasts showed an intermediate position between the two other groups. In terms of psychopathology, significant differences were found between the gymnasts and the AN patients, while no differences were detected between the gymnasts and the "normal" control group. Depression discriminated best between the three groups. Elite rhythmic gymnasts may show a lean, almost anorexic-like physique. Nevertheless, no psychological distress comparable to that of AN patients was found. Therefore, even though analogies to AN might seem obvious in elite rhythmic gymnasts, this study is putting emphasis on the importance of a careful consideration of psychological distress and psychopathology.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17846815Klinkowski, Nora Korte, Alexander Pfeiffer, Ernst Lehmkuhl, Ulrike Salbach-Andrae, Harriet Germany European child & adolescent psychiatry Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008 Mar;17(2):108-13. Epub 2007 Sep 10.%1018-8827 (Print) 1018-8827 (Linking)17846815Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany. nora.klinkowski@charite.de10.1007/s00787-007-0643-yeng3||7Kruse, D. Lemmen, B.2009)Spine injuries in the sport of gymnastics20-8Curr Sports Med Rep81 2009/01/15Athletic Injuries/etiology/physiopathology/*rehabilitation Back Pain/etiology/physiopathology/rehabilitation *Gymnastics/physiology Humans Spinal Injuries/etiology/physiopathology/*rehabilitationJan-FebInjury in gymnastics is not an uncommon occurrence, and an injury of the spine frequently is a source of pain in a gymnast. Because of the unique demands of this sport, which repetitively place significant forces across the spine, it becomes clear why the spine commonly is injured. Potential causes of back pain in a gymnast include spondylolysis, Scheuermann's disease, intervertebral disc pathology, and mechanical sources of pain. Much of the diagnostic workup and management of spondylolysis lesions remains controversial, but a successful management strategy can be developed for the safe return of a gymnast to the mat. Mechanical sources of pain are common and should be addressed. Psychosocial etiologies of back pain also exist in these athletes. Rehabilitation strategies should focus on improvement in the strength and function of the trunk and lumbar spine and the correction of biomechanical deficits with a goal of pain-free transition back to gymnastic-specific activities.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19142076}Kruse, David Lemmen, Brooke Review United States Current sports medicine reports Curr Sports Med Rep. 2009 Jan-Feb;8(1):20-8.*1537-8918 (Electronic) 1537-8918 (Linking)19142076Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Irvine, UC Irvine Healthcare Gottschalk Medical Plaza, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. krused@uci.edu;10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181967ca6 00149619-200901000-00008 [pii]eng2||7 Lovell, G.2008:Vitamin D status of females in an elite gymnastics program159-61Clin J Sport Med182 2008/03/12Adolescent Australia Calcium, Dietary Child Cross-Sectional Studies Diet Surveys Female Fractures, Stress/physiopathology/prevention & control Gymnastics/*physiology Humans Nutritional Status Vitamin D/*bloodMarOBJECTIVE: Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium and bone metabolism. In Australia it has been assumed that all young athletes have good vitamin D levels. A survey of females in an elite gymnastics program was undertaken to determine their vitamin D and dietary calcium status. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Females in an elite gymnastics program at the Australian Institute of Sport. PARTICIPANTS AND OUTCOME MEASURES: Eighteen female gymnasts aged 10-17 years were assessed for vitamin D status (serum 25[OH]D) and dietary calcium intake. RESULTS: Fifteen were found to have levels below current recommended guidelines for optimal bone health (<75 nmol/L). Six had vitamin D levels below 50 nmol/L. Thirteen of the gymnasts also had daily dietary calcium intakes below the daily recommended intake for their age. CONCLUSIONS: Gymnasts and possibly other indoor athletes should be carefully reviewed for vitamin D and calcium status.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18332692Lovell, Greg United States Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine Clin J Sport Med. 2008 Mar;18(2):159-61.%1050-642X (Print) 1050-642X (Linking)18332692Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. greg.lovell@ausport.gov.au;10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181650eee 00042752-200803000-00010 [pii]engF~?"Majewski, M. Susanne, H. Klaus, S.20067Epidemiology of athletic knee injuries: A 10-year studyKneeApr 5The knee is an anatomically and biomechanically complex joint. Few studies have been published reporting the type and frequency of knee injuries. However, this information that may help to prevent, diagnose, and treat knee joint injuries. We have documented 17,397 patients with 19,530 sport injuries over a 10-year period of time. 6434 patients (37%) had 7769 injuries (39.8%) related to the knee joint. 68.1% of those patients were men and 31.6% were women. Almost 50% of the patients were between the ages of 20-29 (43.1%) at the time of injury. The injuries documented were ACL lesion (20.3%), medial meniscus lesion (10.8%), lateral meniscus lesion (3.7%), MCL lesion (7.9%), LCL lesion (1.1%), and PCL lesion (0.65%). The activities leading to most injuries were soccer (35%) and skiing (26%). LCL injury was associated with tennis and gymnastics, MCL with judo and skiing, ACL with handball and volleyball, PCL with handball, lateral meniscus with gymnastics and dancing, and medial meniscus with tennis and jogging.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16603363 !0968-0160 (Print) Journal article16603363eClinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Kantonsspital Liestal, Rheinstrasse 26, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland.||77Marini, M. Sgambati, E. Barni, E. Piazza, M. Monaci, M.2008uPain syndromes in competitive elite level female artistic gymnasts. Role of specific preventive-compensative activity47-54Ital J Anat Embryol1131 2008/05/22Adolescent Age Factors Arthralgia/etiology/prevention & control/therapy Athletic Injuries/complications/*prevention & control/*therapy Athletic Performance/physiology Child, Preschool Chronic Disease/prevention & control/therapy Disability Evaluation Female Gymnastics/*injuries Humans Joints/injuries/physiopathology Leg Injuries/etiology/prevention & control/therapy Low Back Pain/etiology/prevention & control/therapy Muscle, Skeletal/injuries/physiopathology Pain/etiology/*prevention & control/*therapy Pain Measurement/methods Physical Fitness/physiology Physical Therapy Modalities/standards/statistics & numerical data Questionnaires Sex Factors Teaching/standards/statistics & numerical data Time Factors Treatment OutcomeJan-Mar8The pain is a serious problem in advanced level female artistic gymnasts because it decreases the performance. The pain is due to the high numbers of hours spent in training sessions and may be associated to injuries that have relatively high incidence and severity in these athletes. We investigated the role of a preventive-compensative physical activity program, implemented in the warm-up and the cool-down session of standard training, in the prevention and reduction of the pain syndromes, evaluated in elite level young female artistic gymnasts. Thirty elite level female athletes, 10-14 years old, participated in this study and were followed for 12 weeks during the competition preparation period. Fifteen athletes were trained with preventive-compensative motory program implemented in the ordinary training (intervention group) and fifteen (control group) followed the standard training. All athletes completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding the pain intensity on the basis of a Visual Analogue Scale pre- and post- intervention. The experimental protocol consisted of three steps: the treatment of the shortened muscle chains according to Active Posture Reeducation method, the propriocettive-coordinative training with wobble board and the mobilization and stretching of back using fitball. Before intervention, the pain in practicing this sport was reported by 83% of all the athletes. The most common primary pain sites were the ankle and low back; the pain anatomical location was correlated to the training. After intervention, low back pain assessment showed a decrease of pain identified as mild (from 56% to 44%) or moderate (from 33% to 22%) and a disappearance of severe pain (from 11% to 0%). Ankle pain decreased and/or disappeared: the mild pain from 33% to 27%, moderate from 27% to 13% and severe from 13% to 0%. The pain analysis did not show different results in the control group. Our results indicated that the performed preventive-compensative training is of value, in a short time perspective, in preventing and reducing the pain syndromes in these athletes.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18491454Marini, Mirca Sgambati, Eleonora Barni, Edy Piazza, Marina Monaci, Marco Italy Italian journal of anatomy and embryology = Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia Ital J Anat Embryol. 2008 Jan-Mar;113(1):47-54.%1122-6714 (Print) 1122-6714 (Linking)18491454uDepartment of Anatomy Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. mirca.marini@unifi.iteng }<7<Marshall, S. W. Covassin, T. Dick, R. Nassar, L. G. Agel, J.2007Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate women's gymnastics injuries: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System, 1988-1989 through 2003-2004234-40 J Athl Train422Athletic Injuries/*epidemiology Confidence Intervals Female Gymnastics/*injuries Humans Incidence Population Surveillance/*methods Retrospective Studies Schools/*statistics & numerical data United States/epidemiologyApr-JunjOBJECTIVE: To review 16 years of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) injury surveillance data for women's gymnastics and identify potential areas for injury prevention initiatives. BACKGROUND: In the 1988-1989 academic year, 112 schools were sponsoring varsity women's gymnastics teams, with approximately 1550 participants. By 2003-2004, the number of varsity teams had decreased 23% to 86, involving 1380 participants. Significant participation reductions during this time were particularly apparent in Divisions II and III. MAIN RESULTS: A significant annual average decrease was noted in competition (-4.0%, P < .01) but not in practice (-1.0%, P = .35) injury rates during the sample period. Over the 16 years, the rate of injury in competition was more than 2 times higher than in practice (15.19 versus 6.07 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures; rate ratio = 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.3, 2.8). A total of 53% of all competition and 69% of all practice injuries were to the lower extremity. A participant was almost 6 times more likely to sustain a knee internal derangement injury in competition than in practice (rate ratio = 5.7, 95% CI = 4.5, 7.3) and almost 3 times more likely to sustain an ankle ligament sprain (rate ratio = 2.7, 95% CI = 2.1, 3.4). The majority of competition injuries (approximately 70%) resulted from either landings in floor exercises or dismounts. RECOMMENDATIONS: Gymnasts with a previous history of ankle sprain should either wear an ankle brace or use prophylactic tape on their ankles to decrease the risk of recurrent injury. Preventive efforts may incorporate more neuromuscular training and core stability programs in the off-season and preseason conditioning to enhance proper landing and skill mechanics. Equipment manufacturers are encouraged to reevaluate the design of the landing mats to allow for better absorption of forces.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17710171 Journal Article United States1062-6050 (Print)Journal of athletic training17710171BUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.eng`~?hMeyer, C. Cammarata, E. Haumont, T. Deviterne, D. Gauchard, G. C. Leheup, B. Lascombes, P. Perrin, P. P.2006DWhy do idiopathic scoliosis patients participate more in gymnastics?231-6Scand J Med Sci Sports164AughThe influence of physical and sporting activities (PSA) on idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is still obscure. The aim of this study was to investigate whether such an influence exists and if so, to determine its characteristics. Two hundred and one teenagers with IS and a control group of 192 adolescents completed an epidemiological questionnaire. Those practising gymnastics were more numerous in the IS group than in the control group. Moreover, the practice of gymnastics was chosen before IS was diagnosed. As gymnastic activities are considered neither as a therapy nor as a precursor of IS, the distribution observed could be linked to a common factor that both increases the likelihood of IS and favors the practice of gymnastics. Joint laxity (JL) may be such a common factor, and was therefore tested (wrist and middle finger) on 42 girls with IS and 21 girls of a control group. IS patients, practising gymnastics or not, showed a higher JL than the control group practising gymnastics or not. Furthermore, the groups practising gymnastic activities did not show higher JL levels than the other groups. Children with a high JL could be drawn toward gymnastics because of their ability to adapt to the constraints of this sport. Girls with a high JL may therefore be prone to developing IS. The fact that most teenagers with IS practise gymnastics could be related to a higher JL.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16895527 !0905-7188 (Print) Journal Article16895527fEquilibration et Performance Motrice, UFR STAPS, Universite Henri Poincare, Villers-les-Nancy, France.||7LMeyer, C. Haumont, T. Gauchard, G. C. Leheup, B. Lascombes, P. Perrin, P. P.2008rThe practice of physical and sporting activity in teenagers with idiopathic scoliosis is related to the curve type751-5Scand J Med Sci Sports186 2008/02/06rAdolescent Female France Humans *Motor Activity Postural Balance Questionnaires Scoliosis/*physiopathology *SportsDec6Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is correlated with a muscular disequilibrium of the spine and an alteration of balance control, efficient performance of the latter being necessary for physical and sporting activities (PSA). However, the type of the IS curve has different effects on muscle and on balance control according to the primary curve location. This study aimed to determine the relationships between IS type and PSA practice. One hundred and sixty-nine girl adolescents with IS [double major curve (DMC) scoliosis: n=74; single major curve (SMC) scoliosis: n=95] and 100 age-matched control girl adolescents completed an epidemiological questionnaire informing on curricular and extracurricular PSA. Adolescents with DMC scoliosis practised more PSA than those with SMC scoliosis. Moreover, among all PSA referenced, gymnastic activities are the most practiced PSA both in IS teenagers, whatever the curve type, and in controls. Besides, teenagers practising gymnastics were more numerous in those with DMC scoliosis than those with SMC scoliosis and controls. The highest proportion of adolescents with DMC scoliosis practising PSA, especially gymnastics, could be linked to the fact that they are less subject to scoliosis-related biomechanical repercussions leading to a better balance control, which is essential in these PSA.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18248544Meyer, C Haumont, T Gauchard, G C Leheup, B Lascombes, P Perrin, Ph P Denmark Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008 Dec;18(6):751-5. Epub 2008 Feb 2.*1600-0838 (Electronic) 1600-0838 (Linking)18248544Nancy-University, University Henri Poincare, Nancy 1, Balance Control & Motor Performance, UFR STAPS, Villers-les-Nancy, France.-SMS750 [pii] 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00750.xeng B|7J=Mountcastle, S. B. Posner, M. Kragh, J. F., Jr. Taylor, D. C.2007Gender differences in anterior cruciate ligament injury vary with activity: Epidemiology of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in a young, athletic populationAm J Sports MedMay 22BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that women involved in similar activities as men are at increased risk for anterior cruciate ligament injuries. HYPOTHESIS: The incidence rate of complete anterior cruciate ligament tears for men and women in our athletic, college-aged population is similar. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS: Students graduating in class years 1994 to 2003 at our institution who sustained complete anterior cruciate ligament tears were assessed for mechanism of injury and type of sport played at time of injury. We calculated the incidence proportion, an estimation of risk, by gender and class year, and the incidence proportion ratio comparing men and women by class year. We also calculated incidence rates by gender and type of sport played and incidence rate ratios comparing men and women. RESULTS: There were 353 anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the 10 classes studied. We found an overall, 4-year incidence proportion of 3.24 per 100 (95% confidence interval, 2.89-3.63) for men and 3.51 (95% confidence interval, 2.65-4.65) for women (incidence proportion ratio, 1.09 [95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.47]). The overall anterior cruciate ligament injury rate, excluding male-only sports, was significantly greater in women (incidence rate ratio, 1.51 [95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.21]). We found significantly greater injury rates among women in a gymnastics course (incidence rate ratio, 5.67 [95% confidence interval, 1.99-16.16]), indoor obstacle course test (incidence rate ratio, 3.72 [95% confidence interval, 1.25-11.10]), and basketball (incidence rate ratio, 2.42 [95% confidence interval, 1.05-5.59]). CONCLUSION: We found little gender difference in the overall risk of an anterior cruciate ligament tear; however, there were gender differences in injury rates when specific sports and activities were compared and when male-only sports were removed from the overall rate assessment.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17519438 Journal article0363-5465 (Print)17519438vDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keller Army Community Hospital, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York.Engk||7Nihal, A. Trepman, E. Nag, D.2009First ray disorders in athletes160-6Sports Med Arthrosc173 2009/08/15SepAthletes who participate in contact sports (American football, soccer, rugby) or who are involved in high-impact sports (dancing, running, gymnastics) are susceptible to first ray forefoot injuries. Common first ray disorders in athletes include hallux rigidus, turf toe, sand toe, sesamoid disorders, and fractures. First ray disorders in athletes frequently are treated by nonoperative methods including relative rest, ice, elevation, activity modification, shoe modification, and insoles.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19680112Nihal, Aneel Trepman, Elly Nag, David Review United States Sports medicine and arthroscopy review Sports Med Arthrosc. 2009 Sep;17(3):160-6.*1538-1951 (Electronic) 1538-1951 (Linking)19680112yLogan Hospital, Southside Health District, Meadowbrook, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. aneelnihal2000@hotmail.com;10.1097/JSA.0b013e3181a5cb1f 00132585-200909000-00004 [pii]eng~? 9Okano, G. Holmes, R. A. Mu, Z. Yang, P. Lin, Z. Nakai, Y.2005XDisordered eating in Japanese and Chinese female runners, rhythmic gymnasts and gymnasts486-91Int J Sports Med266JAmenorrhea/ethnology Body Mass Index Causality Chi-Square Distribution China/epidemiology Comorbidity Comparative Study Eating Disorders/*ethnology Female Gymnastics/*statistics & numerical data Humans Japan/epidemiology Logistic Models Prevalence Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Risk Factors Running/*statistics & numerical dataJul-AugEating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) and self-administered questionnaires were used to survey eating attitudes and menstrual irregularity of Japanese (J) and Chinese (C) collegiate female runners (RUNs), rhythmic gymnasts (RGYMs), gymnasts (GYMs), and nonathletic controls (NAs). Athletes were recruited from several outstanding colleges for physical education and sport in each country. The prevalence of disordered eating (DE) was significantly higher in Japanese athletes (21% in JRUNs, 19% in JRGYMs, and 15% in JGYMs) than Chinese athletes (4% in CRUNs, 2% in CRGYMs, and none in CGYMs). Also, the prevalence of amenorrhea was very low in CRUNs (1%), CRGYMs (0%), and CGYMs (0%), as compared with their respective Japanese counterparts (JRUNs 22%, JRGYMs 10%, JGYMs 8%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of DE and amenorrhea between Japanese and Chinese NAs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using 10 independent variables regarding anthropometrics, athletics, weight and diet concern, and nationality indicated that high frequency of dieting during a lifetime, high athletic level and being Japanese were significant risks for the development of DE in athletes. It is concluded that the low prevalence of DE in the Chinese in this study is partly explained by the lack of socioculturally- and socioeconomically-imposed desire to be thin as well as by the low frequency of dieting during their lifetime.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16037893 !0172-4622 (Print) Journal Article16037893\Division of Exercise Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan. okano@sapmed.ac.jp||7!2Oliva, F. Del Frate, D. Ferran, N. A. Maffulli, N.2009Peroneal tendons subluxation105-11Sports Med Arthrosc172 2009/05/154*Ankle Injuries/diagnosis/physiopathology/surgery Arthroscopy/*methods *Athletic Injuries/diagnosis/physiopathology/surgery *Dislocations/diagnosis/physiopathology/surgery Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging *Tendon Injuries/diagnosis/physiopathology/surgery Tendon Transfer/*methods Tomography, X-Ray ComputedJunSubluxation of the peroneal tendons is uncommon. It occurs especially in skiing, soccer, basketball, rugby, ice skating, judo, sprint, water-skiing, mountaineering, and gymnastics. We present an overview of the injury, with the classification commonly used. Many surgical techniques have been described to manage recurrent subluxation of the peroneal tendons, but only Level IV/Grade C evidence has been produced. Thus, randomized controlled trials are necessary to determinate the best surgical management method. It appears that high-demand individuals should be primarily managed surgically, and retinaculoplasty seems to be, when indicated, the best surgical option: it affords less complications and a high rate of return to sports without reducing their activity levels.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19440138Oliva, Francesco Del Frate, Dario Ferran, Nicholas Antonio Maffulli, Nicola Review United States Sports medicine and arthroscopy review Sports Med Arthrosc. 2009 Jun;17(2):105-11.*1538-1951 (Electronic) 1538-1951 (Linking)19440138zDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata School of Medicine, Viale Oxford, Rome, Italy.;10.1097/JSA.0b013e3181a5c9f7 00132585-200906000-00006 [pii]engCB~?"JPidcoe, P. E. Burnet, E. N.2007MRehabilitation of an elite gymnast with a Type II manubriosternal dislocation Phys TherMar 20hBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This case report describes the rehabilitation of an elite, 15-year-old gymnast after a nonreduced type II manubriosternal dislocation. The rehabilitation took place in a gymnastics venue but was guided by a physician and a licensed physical therapist. CASE DESCRIPTION: The gymnast participated in a 13-week rehabilitation program for range of motion and strengthening that was based on a biomechanical hierarchy. Rehabilitation began at week 2 after injury for the lower extremities and at week 4 for the upper extremities. OUTCOMES: By week 4, the patient began upper-extremity strengthening, and by week 6, the patient had no pain with palpation and tolerated light sternal loading. At week 9, a plain-film radiograph revealed a stable manubriosternal joint, and by week 13, the patient returned to gymnastics pain-free. DISCUSSION: This case report shows that, after a 13-week regimen of progressive and repetitive, cyclical tensile and compressive loading, the manubriosternal joint was stable, and the elite gymnast was able to return to the sport, successfully competing in a regional competition.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17374631 !0031-9023 (Print) Journal article17374631[Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 (USA). W<7#>Salbach, H. Klinkowski, N. Pfeiffer, E. Lehmkuhl, U. Korte, A.2007KBody image and attitudinal aspects of eating disorders in rhythmic gymnasts388-93Psychopathology406BACKGROUND: Aesthetic sports, especially on a competitive level, are often considered as a risk factor for the development of an eating disorder. A few studies have examined this issue in rhythmic gymnasts, but no reports on body image disturbance exist for these athletes compared to anorectic patients. SAMPLING AND METHODS: Fifty elite rhythmic gymnasts (average age 14.8 years) including the German national team, 58 female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN; average age 15.5 years), and 56 high school girls (average age 14.9 years) completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 and the Test for Detecting Body Image Distortion in Children and Adolescents (Test zur Erfassung der Korperbildstorung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen). Furthermore, body weight and height, body mass index, presence of amenorrhea and frequency of exercise were surveyed. RESULTS: Body mass index was significantly lower in the elite rhythmic gymnasts than in the high school students, and significantly higher than in the AN patients. Both the elite rhythmic gymnasts and the AN patients were significantly smaller than the high school students. The elite rhythmic gymnasts trained significantly more frequently compared with the AN group and the high school group. Regarding the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 and the Test for Detecting Body Image Distortion in Children and Adolescents, AN patients scored significantly higher on all explored subscales than both the elite rhythmic gymnasts and the high school students. CONCLUSIONS: Even though some physical similarities were found for the elite rhythmic gymnasts and the AN patients, contrary to previous studies, no noticeable problems related to attitudinal aspects of eating disorders were detected in the elite rhythmic gymnasts. A mildly distorted body image of the abdomen was identified in elite rhythmic gymnasts, while AN patients expressed a broad body image distortion and students expressed no body image distortion. Our data do not allow us to draw conclusions regarding prevalence rates, long-term effects or male athletes.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17652951 Journal Article Switzerland1423-033X (Electronic)Psychopathology17652951Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charite, Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany. harriet.salbach@charite.deeng Y||7$8Schevchenko, I. Abramov, V. V. Gibson, P. T. Omar, H. A.2008VMedical supervision of young female athletes training in complex coordinational sports343-51Int J Adolesc Med Health203 2008/12/23&Adolescent *Adolescent Development Body Weights and Measures/*statistics & numerical data Child Cross-Sectional Studies Female Gymnastics/statistics & numerical data Humans Infection/epidemiology Menarche/physiology Racquet Sports/statistics & numerical data Sports/*statistics & numerical dataJul-SepThis article proposes simple medical criteria that can be used by trainers and others for effective medical supervision of young female athletes. METHODS: The cross-sectional, age-stratified study compared girls 10-17 years of age involved in intensive training in gymnastic floor exercises, trampoline, or badminton. Each sport and/or control group was represented by 40-45 girls. Data included medical history, morphometric variables and observation of biological development. RESULTS: Gymnasts started training earliest (approximately 5-years-old) and trained most intensely (18-20 h/wk), followed by trampolinists and then badmintonists. Height, weight, body mass index, and % body fat were reduced in athletes, with gymnasts showing the greatest reduction. Athletes showed higher ratios of leg length to height and shoulder width/hip width, and smaller pelvic size compared to height. The average age of menarche of gymnasts was 13.8 (1.6 year later than controls). Delays of biological development of more than 2 years were common in athletes, and some gymnasts showed more than a 4-year delay. These delays were related to morphometric indicators of hormonal imbalance and to low body fat. Gymnasts had more childhood diseases, with an infection index of 2.8 compared to 1.1 for the control group, and had a higher level of chronic ENT problems. CONCLUSIONS: Trainers need to protect the health of athletes. During the course of training, anamneses, delayed menarche and other signs of delayed biological development must be monitored. Morphometric measures and indicators of biological development are proposed to provide simple criteria important in protecting the athletes' health.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19097572Schevchenko, Irina Abramov, Viktor V Gibson, Paul T Omar, Hatim A England International journal of adolescent medicine and health Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2008 Jul-Sep;20(3):343-51.%0334-0139 (Print) 0334-0139 (Linking)19097572KDnepropetrovsk Medical Institute of Folk Medicine, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine.eng >||7%4Singh, S. Smith, G. A. Fields, S. K. McKenzie, L. B.2008hGymnastics-related injuries to children treated in emergency departments in the United States, 1990-2005e954-60 Pediatrics1214 2008/04/033Adolescent Age Distribution Athletic Injuries/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*therapy Child Confidence Intervals Emergency Service, Hospital/*utilization Female Gymnastics/*injuries Humans Incidence Injury Severity Score Male Probability Registries Retrospective Studies Sex Distribution United States/epidemiologyAprhOBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of gymnastics-related injuries among children in the United States. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of data for children 6 through 17 years of age from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System of the US Consumer Product Safety Commission for 1990 through 2005. Sample weights provided by the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System were used to calculate national estimates of gymnastics-related injuries. Injury rates were calculated for the most frequently occurring types of injury using gymnastics participation data. RESULTS: An estimated 425,900 children 6 through 17 years of age were treated in US hospital emergency departments for gymnastics-related injuries during the 16-year period of 1990-2005. The number of injuries averaged 26,600 annually. The number of injuries sustained per 1000 gymnastics participants per year for the pediatric population was 4.8. The number of injuries sustained per 1000 participants per year was greater for the ages 12 to 17 years (7.4) than for the ages 6 to 11 years (3.6). The place where an injury occurred include school (40.0%), a place of recreation or sports (39.7%), home (14.5%), or on other public property (5.8%). The body parts injured were upper extremity (42.3%), lower extremity (33.8%), head/neck (12.9%), trunk (10.4%), and other (0.6%). Injury diagnoses were strain/sprain (44.5%), fracture/dislocation (30.4%), abrasion/contusion (15.6%), laceration/avulsion (3.7%), concussion/closed head injury (1.7%), and other (4.2%). The majority (97.1%) of patients with gymnastics-related injuries were treated and released from the emergency department. CONCLUSIONS: Gymnastics has one of the highest injury rates of all girls' sports. Establishment of a national database for gymnastics-related injuries, including exposure data for direct calculation of injury rates, would permit better identification and monitoring of risk factors for gymnastics-related injuries and aid in the development, implementation, and evaluation of injury prevention strategies based on epidemiologic evidence.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18381523Singh, Shubha Smith, Gary A Fields, Sarah K McKenzie, Lara B Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural United States Pediatrics Pediatrics. 2008 Apr;121(4):e954-60.*1098-4275 (Electronic) 1098-4275 (Linking)18381523@College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.'121/4/e954 [pii] 10.1542/peds.2007-0767eng ||7&+Soric, M. Misigoj-Durakovic, M. Pedisic, Z.2008MDietary intake and body composition of prepubescent female aesthetic athletes343-54Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab183 2008/06/20Adolescent Anthropometry Body Composition/*physiology Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage Child *Diet Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage Dietary Fats/administration & dosage Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage Energy Intake/*physiology Energy Metabolism Female Gymnastics/*physiology Humans Nutrition Assessment *Nutritional Requirements QuestionnairesJundThe purpose of this study was to assess dietary intake and body composition of prepubescent girls competing in 3 aesthetic sports (artistic and rhythmic gymnastics and ballet). Because physiological demands of ballet training are similar to those in other aesthetic sports, ballet dancers were, for the purpose of this study, regarded as athletes. The sample consisted of 39 athletes (median age, 11 years, range 9-13) and 15 controls (median age, 11 years, range 10-12). Dietary intake was assessed using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and body composition, by means of anthropometry. There was no significant difference in total energy intake between groups, but there was a significant difference in energy substrate distribution. Artistic gymnasts reported significantly higher carbohydrate and lower fat contribution to total energy (57% +/- 6% and 29% +/- 5%, respectively) than rhythmic gymnasts (48% +/- 6% and 36% +/- 5%), ballet dancers (51% +/- 4% and 34% +/- 3%), or controls (51% +/- 5% and 34% +/- 4%). Relative to body weight, artistic gymnasts reported higher intake of carbohydrates (9.1 +/- 4.2 g/kg) than rhythmic gymnasts (5.6 +/- 3.1 g/kg), ballet dancers (6.6 +/- 2.5 g/kg), or controls (5.4 +/- 1.9 g/kg). Artistic gymnasts also had the lowest body-fat percentage among the groups. In all the groups mean reported daily intakes of most nutrients were higher than the current daily recommended intakes. The exceptions were dietary fiber and calcium. The proportion of athletes with an inadequate reported intake was highest for phosphorus (33%), followed by vitamin A and niacin (18%) and zinc (13%).ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18562778Soric, Maroje Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta Pedisic, Zeljko Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008 Jun;18(3):343-54.%1526-484X (Print) 1526-484X (Linking)18562778@Dept. of Sports Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.engJ||7'%Van Sonhoven, F. Geusens, E. Nijs, S.2009&Osteochondrosis dissecans of the elbow207-10JBR-BTR924 2009/10/07Adolescent *Elbow Joint/radiography Humans Joint Loose Bodies/*diagnosis/radiography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Osteochondritis Dissecans/*diagnosis/radiography Tomography, X-Ray ComputedJul-AugThis case shows a typical presentation of an osteochondrosis dissecans lesion on the capitellum, with associated intra-articular loose bodie(s), diagnosed on plain film. Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) is a rather common entity. Mostly the knee joint is involved. Only 5% of OCD lesions occur in the elbow joint. Possible causes of osteochondrosis dissecans include (repetitive) trauma (e.g. in throwing sports or gymnastics), ischemia, ossification defects, and genetic factors. Conventional radiography mostly has a low sensitivity to detect OCD lesions, and is often normal in early stages. CT is more sensitive to detect intra-articular loose bodies. MRI detects very early stages of OCD and radiographically occult lesions that may not be evident on CT.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19803099Van Sonhoven, F Geusens, E Nijs, S Case Reports Belgium JBR-BTR : organe de la Societe royale belge de radiologie (SRBR) = orgaan van de Koninklijke Belgische Vereniging voor Radiologie (KBVR) JBR-BTR. 2009 Jul-Aug;92(4):207-10.%0302-7430 (Print) 0302-7430 (Linking)19803099mDepartment of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. frederik.vansonhoven@uz.kuleuven.ac.beeng||7('Vormittag, K. Calonje, R. Briner, W. W.2009.Foot and ankle injuries in the barefoot sports262-6Curr Sports Med Rep85 2009/09/11xAnkle Injuries/*diagnosis/*therapy Athletic Injuries/*diagnosis/*therapy Foot Injuries/*diagnosis/*therapy Humans *ShoesSep-OctPlaying sports barefoot has been contested since the very beginnings of athletic competition. Even today, some data suggest that shoes may limit the adaptive pronation that occurs after footstrike during running gait. This pronation likely protects runners from injury. Boardsport participants who perform their sports barefoot on the water seem to be at risk for foot and ankle injuries. The high-impact forces in gymnastics place participants at risk for foot and ankle injuries, as well. Swimming and diving have a low rate of foot and ankle injuries. The risk of ankle sprain in beach volleyball, which is played barefoot, seems to be lower than that for indoor volleyball, played wearing shoes. Martial arts place competitors at risk for injuries to the foot and ankle from torsional and impact mechanisms. Athletes who hope to return to barefoot competition after injury should perform their rehabilitation in their bare feet.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19741354Vormittag, Kara Calonje, Ronald Briner, William W Review United States Current sports medicine reports Curr Sports Med Rep. 2009 Sep-Oct;8(5):262-6.*1537-8918 (Electronic) 1537-8918 (Linking)19741354NLutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL 60617, USA. kvormittag@sbcglobal.net;10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181b9e3be 00149619-200909000-00012 [pii]eng||7)Vrable, A. Sherman, A. L.2009VElite male adolescent gymnast who achieved union of a persistent bilateral pars defect156-60Am J Phys Med Rehabil882 2009/01/27pAdolescent Chronic Disease Electric Stimulation Therapy Exercise Therapy *Gymnastics Humans Low Back Pain/etiology Lumbar Vertebrae/*injuries Male Physical Examination *Physical Therapy Modalities Pseudarthrosis/etiology/*rehabilitation Spinal Fractures/complications/diagnosis/*rehabilitation Spondylolysis/diagnosis/etiology/rehabilitation Tomography, X-Ray ComputedFebAn adolescent 15-yr-old male competitive gymnast presented to a university-based multidisciplinary spine institute with a persistent low-back pain for 18 mos. Although the results of x-rays were negative, his pain rendered him unable to compete in his sport any longer. A computed tomography scan was performed, which showed a bilateral pars fracture at L5, without spondylolisthesis. A nuclear medicine bone scan revealed negative findings, confirming chronic nonunion. The patient completed a 4-wk course of physical therapy 6 mos before our intervention, without any relief of pain or radiologic evidence of healing. The patient was treated with a bone stimulator for 4 hrs/day and was recommended to wear a warm-and-form-type brace. Isometric core trunk exercises were also initiated. Only after 6 wks of treatment, the subject showed clinical improvement at the follow-up visit. Computed tomography scan performed 12 wks after the initial scan showed complete union of the fracture correlating with clinical improvement. Two years later, the athlete remains completely pain-free, is training regularly, and is able to compete on a national and, possibly, international level.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19169179Vrable, Allan Sherman, Andrew L United States American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 Feb;88(2):156-60.*1537-7385 (Electronic) 1537-7385 (Linking)19169179jDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.;10.1097/PHM.0b013e31819515c0 00002060-200902000-00010 [pii]eng||7*Webb, B. G. Rettig, L. A.2008Gymnastic wrist injuries289-95Curr Sports Med Rep75 2008/09/06Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Competitive Behavior Female Fractures, Bone Gymnastics/*injuries Humans Joint Instability Male Orthotic Devices Syndrome United States/epidemiology Wrist Injuries/complications/epidemiology/*etiology/*physiopathology/prevention & controlSep-OctDuring gymnastic activities, the wrist is exposed to many different types of stresses, including repetitive motion, high impact loading, axial compression, torsional forces, and distraction in varying degrees of ulnar or radial deviation and hyperextension. Many of these stresses are increased during upper extremity weight-bearing and predispose the wrist to high rates of injury during gymnastics. Distal radius stress injuries are the most common and most documented gymnastic wrist conditions. Other conditions include scaphoid impaction syndrome, dorsal impingement, scaphoid fractures, scaphoid stress reactions/fractures, capitate avascular necrosis, ganglia, carpal instability, triangular fibrocartilage complex tears, ulnar impaction syndrome, and lunotriquetral impingement. It is important to diagnose quickly and accurately the specific injury to initiate expediently the proper treatment and limit the extent of injury. In addition, a gymnast's training regimen should also include elements of injury prevention.ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18772690zWebb, Brian G Rettig, Lance A United States Current sports medicine reports Curr Sports Med Rep. 2008 Sep-Oct;7(5):289-95.*1537-8918 (Electronic) 1537-8918 (Linking)18772690Indiana University School of Medicine, Methodist Sports Medicine/The Orthopedic Specialists, Pennsylvania Pkwy, Indianapolis, IN 46280, USA.;10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181870471 00149619-200809000-00013 [pii]engs~?+&Wilson, S. M. Dubert, T. Rozenblat, M.2006(Extensor tendon impingement in a gymnast66-7J Hand Surg [Br]311Adult Constriction, Pathologic/diagnosis/physiopathology/surgery Cumulative Trauma Disorders/*diagnosis/physiopathology/surgery Gymnastics/*injuries Hand Strength/physiology Humans Ligaments, Articular/injuries/surgery Male Pain/*physiopathology/surgery Rupture Synovial Membrane/surgery Synovitis/physiopathology/surgery Tendons, Para-Articular/*physiopathology/surgery Wrist Joint/*physiopathology/surgeryFebNWrist injuries in the gymnast are due to the transformation of the upper extremity into a weight bearing entity. Gymnast wrist pain presents a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Here, we present a new case of extensor tendon impingement in an elite gymnast. To our knowledge, there is no similar report in the literature.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16253406 .0266-7681 (Print) Case Reports Journal Article16253406QInstitut de la Main, Clinique Jouvenet Paris, France. sherifwilson@doctors.org.ukPKqp!H! IH! TH!_H!jH!uH! H!H!H! H! H!H! H!H!H!H!H! H! H! H! H! %H! 0H!;H!FH! QH! \H! gH! rH!}H!H!H!H!H!H!H! H! H! H! H! H!H! H!H! 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